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HA12181FP
AM Radio Noise Reduction System
ADE-207-171A (Z) 2nd. Edition June 1997 Functions
* Buffer amp. for audio * Linear approximate circuit for noise reduction * IF Amp., detector, audio amp. and AGC circuit for noise detection * Gate pulse generator
Features
* High noise cancelling capacity: 46 dB typ. * Less gain loss: GV = -0.5 dB typ. * Low total harmonic destortion and high signal-to noise ratio: THD = 0.06% typ., S/N = 75 dB typ. * Operation supply voltage range: 7.0 V to 10 V (8.2 V typ.) * Less external parts count
HA12181FP
Block Diagram
R500 100 k IF AGC
+ C502 0.01 3.3 Det. 1 14 15 12
C503 C504 0.22 R502 22 k R505 47 k AF AGC
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 2 of 21 IF AGC OR HPF1 LPF Pulse Det.(2)
(1) (2) 13
IF Input
16
Pulse Det.(1)
Gate pulse Gen.
IF Amp. LPF Det. Pulse Det. HPF AF Amp. AF AGC Noise AGC Stabi. Volt.
2nd IFT
4
ANT
7
SW2
SW1
1st IFT
C501 1000 p
VCC (8.2 V)
+
R506 12 k
SW4
Gate pulse (1) Gate pulse (2)
Phase Circuit
SW3
AF Input
Hight-pass Amp. (waveform compensation)
RF
MIX
IF
Det.
+3
Buffer Amp.
C506 100
C513 1
Stabilized Voltage Circuit 2 5 6 8 Level Diff. Det. Circuit Stabilized Current Circuit (waveform compensation)
OSC
SW5
AM-IC
10
9
11
C500 0.033
Capacitor for Pahse C512 0.068
Capacitor for Hold C511 0.033
AF Output Capacitor C509 + for By-pass R503 0.033 180 k C508 C510 R504 0.033 Capacitor 1 4.7 k for waveform compensation
Gate Time Constant C507 2200 p
Unit
R: C:F
HA12181FP
Table of Pin Description and External Parts
External parts DC voltage (V) (No Function input) Equivalent circuit 2.7 Influence of External parts Smaller than recommended value Longer distortion of recover.
No. of pin Name 1
No. R500 C502
Larger than recom- recommended mended value value 100 K 3.3 Longer time to stabilize AGC.
IF AGC Time constant for IF AGC.
1
R500 100k
C502 3.3
+
2
Bias1
Bypass for voltage Stabi. Input of AF.
3.2
2
C500 0.033
C500
0.033
--
Increased noise.
3
AF input
3.3
20k
C513
1
--
--
3 +
C513 AF IN
4
Bias2
Decide 1.3 the current of filter network. 3.3
5
R506
4
12 K
Cut off frequency of L*P*F and H*P*F shifted lower.
Cut off frequency of L*P*F and H*P*F shifted higher.
5
Phase Phase circuit
C512
0.068
Must be used on the recommended value.
C512 0.068
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 3 of 21
HA12181FP
Table of Pin Description and External Parts (cont)
External parts DC voltage (V) (No Function input) Equivalent circuit Hold of level difference. 3.3 Influence of External parts Smaller than recommended value
No. of pin Name 6 Hold
No. C511
Larger than recom- recommended mended value value 0.033
Must be used on the recommended value.
6
C511 0.033
7 8
GND HighPass.
GND High3.3 Pass AMP. (Waveform Compensation)
--
-- C510
-- 0.033
--
--
Must be used on the recommended value.
8
C510 0.033
9
AF out Output of 3.3 AF
C508 R504
1 4.7 K
Output DC cut Output load
9
+
C508 1
R504 4.7k
10
Wave form
Wave3.3 form Compensation
10
C509 0.033
C509
0.033
Must be used on the recommended value.
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 4 of 21
HA12181FP
Table of Pin Description and External Parts (cont)
External parts DC voltage (V) (No Function input) Equivalent circuit Gate pulse generation
4.5V
Influence of External parts Smaller than recommended value Gate pulse width become narrow.
No. of pin Name 11 Gate
No. R503 C507
Larger than recom- recommended mended value value 180 K 2200 P Gate pulse width become wider.
0
11
C507 2200p R503 180k
12
Vth
Determi- 1.1 nation of noise detection sensitivit y VCC 8.2 3.3
R502
22 K
12
R502 22k
Higher noise detection sensitivity.
Lower noise detection sensitivity.
13 14
VCC
--
-- C503
-- 0.01
-- --
-- --
IF Det. IF AGC detector
14
C503 0.01
13
15
AF AGC
Time constant for AF AGC
0
R505 C504
47 K 0.22
Longer time to stabilize AGC.
Missoperaton in noise detector.
15
C504 0.22 R505 47k
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 5 of 21
HA12181FP
Table of Pin Description and External Parts (cont)
External parts DC voltage (V) (No Function input) Equivalent circuit IF input 1.3
30k
Influence of External parts Smaller than recommended value Coupling Instability
No. of pin Name 16 IF in
No.
Larger than recom- recommended mended value value IF Input --
16
C501 1000p IF IN
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Ta = 25C)
Item Supply voltage Power dissipation Operating temperature Storage temperature Note: 1. Value at Ta = 85C Symbol VCC Pd Topr Tstg Rating 16 400*
1
Unit V mW C C
-40 to +85 -55 to +125
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 6 of 21
HA12181FP
Electrical Characteristics (Tentative) (VCC = 8.2 V, Ta = 25C, Pin 3 input: Vin = 100 mVrms, f = 1 KHz, Pin 16 input: Vin = 74 dB, fc = 450 KHz, fm = 1 KHz, m = 30%)
Item Supply current Output voltage Total harmonic distortion Signal-to-noise ratio Strong input total harmonic distortion Recovered output voltage Recovered output signal-tonoise-ratio Noise suppression ratio Symbol ICC Vout THD1 S/N (1) THD2 VO (AF) S/N (2) NSR Min -- 70 -- 60 -- 50 35 35 Typ 11.0 95 0.06 75 1.0 78 45 46 Max -- 120 0.3 -- 2.5 120 -- -- Unit mA Test conditions No input signal, IC only
mVrms Pin 3 input only % dB % Pin 3 input Vin = 100 mVrms (Reference), Rg = 10 K Pin 3 input Vin = 500 mVrms
mVrms Pin 16 input only dB dB Input the waveform below. Pin 3 input Vin = 100 mVrms (Reference) no input sine wave
100mV Pin 16 Input 2ms
10s
Figure 1 Input Waveform at Measurement of Noise Suppression Ratio
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 7 of 21
HA12181FP
Test Circuit
VCC (8.2V) Det.Out
B + A
R505 C504 47k 0.22 IF-IN PULSE-IN C501 1000p
50 AM-SG
R502 R503 C507 C509 15k 180k 2200p 0.033 C503 0.01
+
R504 4.7k
C OUT + C508
C506 100 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9
1
1 AF-IN
+
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
C513 1
50
R500 100k
AF-SG
+ C502
3.3
C500 0.033
R506 12k
C512 C511 0.068 0.033
C510 0.033
Unit
R: C:F
Note: 1. Resistors tolerance are within 5%. 2. Capacitors tolerance (C509 to C512) are within 5%, other capacitor are within 10%.
Operation Principle
16
IF
ANT. 1st IFT A
Noise Detector
B
RF
CONV.
IF
DET C
3
Processing Waveform Circuit
9
Out
AM-IC
HA12181FP
D
Figure 2 System Block Diagram of AM Radio
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 8 of 21
HA12181FP
A system block diagram of AM Radio using the HA12181FP is shown in Figure 2 and waveforms at each point in the system are illustrated in Figure 3. For AM wave with impulse noise from ANT, the pulse spreads its width each time when the AM wave passes through a selection filter. The pulse width becomes the order of several hundred microseconds at detector output (Point C). A radio without a noise canceller produces large noise to the audience. This IC perfectly detects every noise by using the signals from 1st IFT (Point B) in front of the narrow band filter. The wave process circuit approximates the voltage linearly at the pulse to reduce the noise in the output. The principle for wave processing follows. Further investigation make it clear that the pulse width of impulse noise is constant (several handred microseconds) and independent of the waveform or waveheight. Therefore the former and later voltage (VA, VB) of the pulse can be found at the same time (T1) by means of the wave and the delayed one for this time, as shown in the right figure.
Each Point in the Figure
Waveform including Noise
A
Narrower Pulse Width and Higher Wave Height
B
Point D VB Point C
C
Wider Pulse Width and Lower Wave Height T1 T2
VA
D
Noiseless
Figure 3 Waveforms at Each Point in the System In an actual circuit, the differential voltage between input and output of phase shift circuit is changed to the capacitor C511 at pin 6. At the time of T1, when the switch turns to the noise processing mode (the switch positions in Figure 4 are inverted), the voltage difference (VA - VB) is held in C511. C509 at pin 10 is changed by the differential voltage between the held voltage and the output voltage at pin 9 (VA): VA - (VA - VB) = VB.
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 9 of 21
HA12181FP
As the initial voltage of C509 is equal to the output voltage (VA) before the switch change, the voltage between terminals of C509 is changed from VA to VB. The waveform which change up to C509 becomes the output, because the voltage of C509 appears at pin 9 through the buffer. The changed up waveform of C509 is almost linearly approximated because of the constant current change by the feedback from the output at pin 9. At the time of T2 when the awitches change to the normal mode (the switch position in Figure 4), the output recovers smoothly as the voltage of C509 is VB. However the unmatch of the wave delay time due to the pulse width or the phase circuit and the offset of circuit make a slight step difference on the waverform at the moment of switch change. LPF, consisting of R1 and C509 make it smooth. The frequency characteristics, which is detriorated by LPF in the normalmode, is compensated so that it might become flat. C509 and C510 should have the same capacity, and the tolerance must be within 5%.
3
Phase Circuit
HPFAmp.
R1
Buffer
9
Out
+ Subtraction - Circuit
+ Constant Current - Circuit(Subtraction
Circuit)
R2
5
6
8
10
C512
C511
C510
C509
Figure 4 Waveform Processing Circuit
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 10 of 21
R500 100 k IF AGC
+ C502 0.01 3.3 Det. 1 14 15 12
C503 C504 0.22 R502 22 k R505 47 k AF AGC
IF AGC OR HPF1 LPF Pulse Det.(2)
(1) (2)
IF Input
16
Pulse Det.(1)
Gate pulse Gen.
IF Amp. LPF Det. Pulse Det. HPF AF Amp. AF AGC Noise AGC Stabi. Volt.
2nd IFT
4
1st IFT
R506 12 k
7
SW2
SW1
C501 1000 p
13
VCC (8.2 V)
+
Two signals dummy ANT.
Gate pulse (1) Gate pulse (2)
Phase Circuit
SW3 SW4
AF Input
50
Evaluation Circuit for Noise Reduction Effect
Pulse SG.
RF
C513 1
MIX Det.
IF
+3
Hight-pass Amp. (waveform compensation)
Buffer Amp.
C506 100
50
AM SG.
OSC AM-IC
2 5 6 Stabilized Voltage Circuit Level Diff. Det. Circuit
Stabilized Current Circuit (waveform compensation) 8
SW5
C500 0.033
Capacitor for Pahse C512 0.068
Capacitor for Hold C511 0.033
10 9 11 Gate Time AF Output Capacitor C509 Constant + for By-pass R503 0.033 C507 180 k C508 C510 2200 p 0.033 Capacitor 1 R504 for waveform 4.7 k Noise compensation Meter
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 11 of 21
Unit
R: C:F
HA12181FP
HA12181FP
Example of Noise Reduction Effect
20 10 0
Two Signals dummy ANT.
VCC=8.2V AM SG : fc=999kHz, m=30%, fm=1kHz Pulse : No input Vout
-10
Output (dB)
NRoff
50 Pulse SG. 50
16 16
15p To ANT Pulse SG Output (EMF) 10s 100mVP-P
16
30 65p
-20 -30 -40
Pulse : No input
AM SG.
2s
NRon Noise
Figure.2
AM SG : fc=999kHz, no mod. Pulse SG : Refer to Figure.2
-50 -60 0
10
20
30
40 50 60 70 80 AM SG Output (EMF) (dB)
90
100
110
120
20 10 0
Two Signals dummy ANT.
VCC=8.2V AM SG : fc=999kHz, m=30%, fm=1kHz Pulse : No input Vout
-10
50 Pulse SG. 50 AM SG.
16 16
15p To ANT Pulse SG Output (EMF) 10s
Output (dB)
-20
NRon
NRoff
16
30 65p
100mVP-P 10s
-30 -40 -50 -60 0
Figure.3
Noise
AM SG : fc=999kHz, no mod. Pulse SG : Refer to Figure.2
10
20
30
40 50 60 70 80 AM SG Output (EMF) (dB)
90
100
110
120
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 12 of 21
HA12181FP
PC Board Layout Pattern
C507
VCC
+
C506
R503 R502 R504 C508
C504 R501 C503 C501
+
C509 16 C510 C511
Vout
IF in
C513 R506 C502 R500 C505
+
C512
AF in
+
HA12181FP (Top view)
FN-8648
HA12181FP (Bottom view)
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 13 of 21
HA12181FP
Main Characteristics
Vin max (Vrms) Vout (dB)
10 0 -2 -4 -6
Vout : Vin = 100 mVrms const Vout (0 dB = 96 mVrms)
2.0
1.5
1.0 -8 -10 -12 0.5
Vin Max (THD 1.0%)
0 40
100
200
400
1k f (Hz)
2k
4k
10 k
20 k
50 k
0.5 Vin = 100 mVrms 0.4
THD (%)
0.3
0.2
0.1
0 40
100
200
400 f (Hz)
1k
2k
4k
10 k
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 14 of 21
HA12181FP
10 Vo (AF) : 0 dB = 76 mVrms 0 -10 -20
Vout (dB)
fc = 450 kHz, m = 30%, fm = 1kHz -30 -40 Noise (no modulation) -50 -60 -70 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Vin (EMF) (dB)
50 Pulse input at Gate ON 10s V pulse 2ms
20 10
V pulse (mVp-p)
5
2 1 0.5
0.2 1k
5k
10 k R ()
50 k
100 k
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 15 of 21
HA12181FP
Vout (mVrms)
120 Vout 80 60 40 20
0.5 100
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
THD1 (%)
THD1
0
0 6 7 8 9 10 11 VCC (V) 12 13 14 15 16
THD2 (%)
120
1.0 100
S : 100 mVrms = 0 dB
S/N1 (dB)
0.8
80
S/N1 N : no-input
0.6
60
0.4
40 THD2 (Vin = 500 mVrms, f = 1 kHz)
0.2
20
0
0 6 7 8 9 10 11 VCC (V) 12 13 14 15 16
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 16 of 21
HA12181FP
Vo (AF) (mVrms)
60 120 S/N2
50 100
40
S/N2 (dB)
80
Vo (AF)
30
60 Vin = 74 dB fc = 450 kHz fm = 1 kHZ m = 30%
20
40
10
20
0
0 6 7 8 9 10 11 VCC (V) 12 13 14 15 16
60
60
50
50
NSR (pulse input)
40
40
30
30
20
20 ICC (no-input)
10
10
0
0 6 7 8 9 10 11 VCC (V) 12 13 14 15 16
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 17 of 21
HA12181FP
V pulse (mVp-p)
1.0 0.8 V pulse (Pulse input level at Gate on) 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 VCC (V) 12 13 14 15 16
0.5 100 Vout 0.4 80
0.3
Vout (AF) (mVrms)
60 VCC = 8.2 V Vin = 100 mVrms, f = 1 kHz 40 20 THD1 0 -40
0.2
0.1
THD1 (%)
0
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Ta ( C)
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 18 of 21
HA12181FP
NSR (dB)
60
ICC (mA)
60 VCC = 8.2 V 50 NSR (pulse input) 40 30 20 ICC (no-input) 10 0 -40
50
40
30
20
10
0
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Ta ( C)
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 19 of 21
HA12181FP
Package Dimensions
Unit: mm
10.06 10.5 Max 16 9
1
0.22 0.05 0.20 0.04
8
0.80 Max
5.5
0.20 7.80 + 0.30 -
2.20 Max
1.15
1.27
0.10 0.10
0 - 8
0.70 0.20
0.42 0.08 0.40 0.06
0.15
0.12 M
Hitachi Code JEDEC Code EIAJ Code Weight FP-16DA -- SC-530-16C 0.24 g
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 20 of 21
HA12181FP
Disclaimer
1. Hitachi neither warrants nor grants licenses of any rights of Hitachi's or any third party's patent, copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property rights for information contained in this document. Hitachi bears no responsibility for problems that may arise with third party's rights, including intellectual property rights, in connection with use of the information contained in this document. 2. Products and product specifications may be subject to change without notice. Confirm that you have received the latest product standards or specifications before final design, purchase or use. 3. Hitachi makes every attempt to ensure that its products are of high quality and reliability. However, contact Hitachi's sales office before using the product in an application that demands especially high quality and reliability or where its failure or malfunction may directly threaten human life or cause risk of bodily injury, such as aerospace, aeronautics, nuclear power, combustion control, transportation, traffic, safety equipment or medical equipment for life support. 4. Design your application so that the product is used within the ranges guaranteed by Hitachi particularly for maximum rating, operating supply voltage range, heat radiation characteristics, installation conditions and other characteristics. Hitachi bears no responsibility for failure or damage when used beyond the guaranteed ranges. Even within the guaranteed ranges, consider normally foreseeable failure rates or failure modes in semiconductor devices and employ systemic measures such as failsafes, so that the equipment incorporating Hitachi product does not cause bodily injury, fire or other consequential damage due to operation of the Hitachi product. 5. This product is not designed to be radiation resistant. 6. No one is permitted to reproduce or duplicate, in any form, the whole or part of this document without written approval from Hitachi. 7. Contact Hitachi's sales office for any questions regarding this document or Hitachi semiconductor products.
Sales Offices
Hitachi, Ltd.
Semiconductor & Integrated Circuits. Nippon Bldg., 2-6-2, Ohte-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan Tel: Tokyo (03) 3270-2111 Fax: (03) 3270-5109
URL
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Hitachi Europe GmbH Electronic Components Group Dornacher Strae 3 D-85622 Feldkirchen, Munich Germany Tel: <49> (89) 9 9180-0 Fax: <49> (89) 9 29 30 00 Hitachi Europe Ltd. Electronic Components Group. Whitebrook Park Lower Cookham Road Maidenhead Berkshire SL6 8YA, United Kingdom Tel: <44> (1628) 585000 Fax: <44> (1628) 585160 Hitachi Asia Ltd. Hitachi Tower 16 Collyer Quay #20-00, Singapore 049318 Tel : <65>-538-6533/538-8577 Fax : <65>-538-6933/538-3877 URL : http://www.hitachi.com.sg Hitachi Asia Ltd. (Taipei Branch Office) 4/F, No. 167, Tun Hwa North Road, Hung-Kuo Building, Taipei (105), Taiwan Tel : <886>-(2)-2718-3666 Fax : <886>-(2)-2718-8180 Telex : 23222 HAS-TP URL : http://www.hitachi.com.tw Hitachi Asia (Hong Kong) Ltd. Group III (Electronic Components) 7/F., North Tower, World Finance Centre, Harbour City, Canton Road Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong Tel : <852>-(2)-735-9218 Fax : <852>-(2)-730-0281 URL : http://www.hitachi.com.hk
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Copyright Hitachi, Ltd., 2000. All rights reserved. Printed in Japan. Colophon 2.0
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 21 of 21

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